MOTS-c is translated from a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, making it one of a small class of mitochondrially encoded hormones. Published work reports that it targets skeletal muscle, regulates the folate–methionine cycle, activates AMPK,…
SS-31 belongs to a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides with an alternating aromatic–cationic motif that allows them to cross membranes and accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they associate with the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin. Published mechanisms include re-energising ischaemic mitochondria…
Cartalax belongs to the family of short peptide bioregulators developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. The underlying research programme proposes that very short peptides interact with specific DNA sequences and histones to modulate gene expression in…
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